Yea, twinax craps out around 10m though I'm sure you can find ones that are somewhat longer (I know I've seen 15m).
So no, I wouldn't *expect* it to work, because the demands for signal integrity ought to be much greater than what
Cat5e is typically specced for, which is only 100MHz. 10GBase-T requires
500MHz in order to operate properly, which puts this into Cat6 (shorter) or Cat6A (longer). However, I'll note that many manufacturers took the "e" in "5e" to mean enhanced-bandwidth as well, and these days it isn't unusual to see 5e with 350MHz - 550MHz claimed. I suppose it is perfectly possible that you have some better quality Cat5e cable, but it falls kinda under "networking obscenities" :)
On the other hand, in the end, what really matters is whether or not it works. It is a digital signal. The packets have a checksum. If the packets consistently haul arse from one network interface to the next without errors or drops, that's really the most important thing.