[How-To] Set up Time Machine for multiple machines with OSX Server-Style Quotas

Stux

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Joined
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Messages
4,419
Normally, when you setup Time Machine (TM) you must use a Quota of some sort, or Time Machine will allocate all of the space on your FreeNAS server. The traditional approach is to use a dataset quota, but this quota is a quota for ALL your time machine backups, and once the TM backups use up all the quota it does not work very well, as each TM instance will be relying on the other TM instances to clear their backups. This leads to failed backups.

And in fact, this is semi documented in the manual:
...due to a limitation in how the Mac deals with low-diskspace issues when multiple Macs share the same volume, checking Time Machine on multiple shares could result in intermittent failed backups

A much better approach is to use the same system that Mac OS X Server uses, where you set a global per-TM quota. If you need different quotas for different time machines, then you need to set up different TM shares, each with a different 'global' quota.

Using this method, won't lead to failed backups.

I posted the critical information on how to do this as a Feature Request for FreeNAS, and its at least been accepted as a Nice-To-Have feature, https://bugs.freenas.org/issues/17875

so there is some hope that it will appear as a feature in the future, but in the meantime, this is how to do it manually:

-----------------------------

Firstly, my pool is named "tank", this is a good default, but it doesn't matter what you use. Secondly, my data set is named tm_backups, and I use a single Time Machine User named "tm_user", because I find it more convenient to log all the various macs in with a single backup account. There are security implications with this approach. Feel free to change the specifics as you want.

Moving on.

Firstly, create a time machine user.

From the left column, click "Account", then "Users", then "Add User"
Screen Shot 2016-10-31 at 4.13.39 PM.png

Screen Shot 2016-10-31 at 2.20.03 PM.png



Next, create a tm_backups dataset

From the left column, click "Storage", then "Volumes" then "/mnt/tank" then "Create Dataset"

Screen Shot 2016-10-31 at 4.17.04 PM.png


Once the dataset is created click it, then "Change Permissions"

Screen Shot 2016-10-31 at 2.29.15 PM.png


Now, we'll set up the OSX server style TM quota.

Decide how many bytes you want each Time Machine to use... for example 1 trillion bytes would be a TB, which is 1,000,000,000,000

Enable SSH if you haven't already then, SSH into your root account.

cd /mnt/tank/tm_backups
touch .com.apple.timemachine.supported
nano .com.apple.TimeMachine.quota.plist

then in the nano window paste:

Code:
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>GlobalQuota</key>
<integer>1000000000000</integer>
</dict>
</plist>



But change "1000000000000" to how many bytes you want to allocate to each TM backup. Generally its recommended to be twice the size of the HD that you're backing up. Here I'm allowing up to 1TB for each backup.

(press control-x to exit and save in nano)

if you do:

ls -alt

you should see something like this

Code:
[root@titan] /mnt/tank/tm_backups# ls -alt
total 46
-rw-r--r--   1 root	 wheel  207 Oct 31 16:23 .com.apple.TimeMachine.quota.plist
drwxrwx---   2 tm_user  wheel	6 Oct 31 16:23 ./
-rw-r--r--   1 root	 wheel	0 Oct 31 16:23 .com.apple.timemachine.supported
-rw-r--r--   1 root	 wheel	0 Oct 31 16:23 .mac
-rw-r--r--   1 root	 wheel	0 Oct 31 16:20 .apple
drwxr-xr-x  10 root	 wheel   10 Oct 31 16:20 ../


Next we'll setup the AFP Share.

Enable AFP serving if you haven't already, then click "Sharing" from the left column, then "Apple (AFP) Shares" then "Add Apple (AFP) Share"

Browse to your tm_backups dataset, or just type the path ie /mnt/tank/tm_backups

Screen Shot 2016-10-31 at 2.37.19 PM.png


You should now be able to go to each of your Macs and select your FreeNAS Time Machine as the backup destination. login as tm_user with the password you set.

Each mac will use up to the number of bytes you specified in Nano.

You can verify this by looking at Console.app on your Mac, and searching for "backupd"

You will see something like this:
Code:
31/10/2016 2:43:38.085 PM com.apple.backupd[43726]: Quota in effect for '/Volumes/FreeNAS Time Machine': 1 TB (1,000,000,000,000 bytes)


If you want to have different quotas, then you will need different datasets for each quota, and a different AFP share. If you name the shares based on their Quota, then you can simply choose which quota to use, based on which share you point the mac at.

Time Machine will take care of ensuring that every Mac automaticaly prunes its backup to fit within the per-machine quota for that share. You can also change the quota at any time, and the TM process will prune the quota next time it runs on a given mac, if you reduced the quota.

The nice thing is as your 'fleet' of macs grows, and your backup requirements grow, you can just grow your pool as the ZFS space aliens intended.

IIRC TM Quota support was added in Mac OS X 10.8, and won't work with older versions of the OS.
 
Last edited by a moderator:

KevDog

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Nov 26, 2016
Messages
462
Great guide ... but

I'm running MacOS Sierra

I don't think this quota limitation is working. The actual space available as stated within the time machine app (Located from the toolbar at the time of the machine) states I have 27 TB available.

When looking at my time machine directory this is what I have
Code:
[kevdog@freenas /mnt/tank/TimeMachine]$ ls -la
total 72
drwxrwxrwx  4 root	TimeMachine	 7 Jan 10 00:34 .
drwxrwx---  5 root	wheel		   5 Jan  9 08:50 ..
drwxr-xr-x  2 root	TimeMachine	 9 Jan 10 00:17 .AppleDB
-rw-r--r--  1 kevdog  TimeMachine  6148 Jan  9 20:56 .DS_Store
-rw-r--r--  1 root	TimeMachine   206 Jan  9 09:29 .com.apple.TimeMachine.quota.plist
-rw-r--r--  1 root	TimeMachine	 0 Jan  9 09:28 .com.apple.timemachine.supported
drwxrwxr-x  3 root	TimeMachine	10 Jan 10 00:34 Kevin???s MacBook Pro.sparsebundle


I don't have a .mac or .apple file as in your directory, but I do have a .DS_Store which is a binary file. My permissions are different.
My .com.apple.TimeMachine.quota.plist contains the following (I believe this should by 3TB)
Code:
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>GlobalQuota</key>
<integer>3000000000000</integer>
</dict>
</plist>


Am I missing something?
 

Stux

MVP
Joined
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Messages
4,419
Great guide ... but

I'm running MacOS Sierra

I don't think this quota limitation is working. The actual space available as stated within the time machine app (Located from the toolbar at the time of the machine) states I have 27 TB available.

When looking at my time machine directory this is what I have
Code:
[kevdog@freenas /mnt/tank/TimeMachine]$ ls -la
total 72
drwxrwxrwx  4 root	TimeMachine	 7 Jan 10 00:34 .
drwxrwx---  5 root	wheel		   5 Jan  9 08:50 ..
drwxr-xr-x  2 root	TimeMachine	 9 Jan 10 00:17 .AppleDB
-rw-r--r--  1 kevdog  TimeMachine  6148 Jan  9 20:56 .DS_Store
-rw-r--r--  1 root	TimeMachine   206 Jan  9 09:29 .com.apple.TimeMachine.quota.plist
-rw-r--r--  1 root	TimeMachine	 0 Jan  9 09:28 .com.apple.timemachine.supported
drwxrwxr-x  3 root	TimeMachine	10 Jan 10 00:34 Kevin???s MacBook Pro.sparsebundle


I don't have a .mac or .apple file as in your directory, but I do have a .DS_Store which is a binary file. My permissions are different.
My .com.apple.TimeMachine.quota.plist contains the following (I believe this should by 3TB)
Code:
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>GlobalQuota</key>
<integer>3000000000000</integer>
</dict>
</plist>


Am I missing something?

I haven't tried it on Sierra yet, but I'd be very surprised if it didn't work correctly, as this is how Mac OS X Server implements it.

The important thing is what the backupd console.app log says is the quota when it connects to the sparse image.

As in this line

Code:
31/10/2016 2:43:38.085 PM com.apple.backupd[43726]: Quota in effect for '/Volumes/FreeNAS Time Machine': 1 TB (1,000,000,000,000 bytes)


Open the console app, search for "backupd"

The .mac and .apple files are to do with netatalk's resource fork handling I believe. And its possible you might not see them if there are no resource fork or hfs metadata.
 

KevDog

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Messages
462
Do you know which log in particular to look for in the console app? system.log or /var/log? I've looked in all of those and don't see anything searching for the term "back". In addition, what does the time screen interface (GUI) state as far as capacity. In addition, after searching on this, is your config file missing the first line (I'm not even sure if this matters):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 

Scharbag

Guru
Joined
Feb 1, 2012
Messages
620
So for this there is no need to set a specific ZFS based quota in the advanced settings?

I am also having some difficulty confirming that backupd is using the global quota in Sierra.

And finally, should the permissions of the file that we create be root or should it be the time machine user?

Thanks,
 
Last edited:

Stux

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Messages
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So for this there is no need to set a specific ZFS based quota in the advanced settings?

I am also having some difficulty confirming that backupd is using the global quota in Sierra. Although I haven't done a lot to confirm quota.

Also, I used the same technique to setup quotas on an Apple time capsule!

And finally, should the permissions of the file that we create be root or should it be the time machine user?

Thanks,

I don't think the permissions really matter as long as tm_user can read the file.

Btw, this is working for me with sierra clients.

And no, you don't need a ZFS quota.

I recently expanded my tm quota to 4TB, and one of my backups topped out at 2.2TB (2TiB?). Turns out the disk image was limited. I used disk util's cli to grow the image and its all good now. Just an FYI
 

Scharbag

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Joined
Feb 1, 2012
Messages
620
I don't think the permissions really matter as long as tm_user can read the file.

Btw, this is working for me with sierra clients.

And no, you don't need a ZFS quota.

I recently expanded my tm quota to 4TB, and one of my backups topped out at 2.2TB (2TiB?). Turns out the disk image was limited. I used disk util's cli to grow the image and its all good now. Just an FYI
Could you let me know where you find the confirmation that the backupd is using the right quota in Sierra? I cannot seem to figure that part out.

Cheers,
 

Stux

MVP
Joined
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Messages
4,419
Could you let me know where you find the confirmation that the backupd is using the right quota in Sierra? I cannot seem to figure that part out.

Cheers,

Will check today.
 

Stux

MVP
Joined
Jun 2, 2016
Messages
4,419
Will check today.

Found this page which talks about how to find the timemachine logs
http://superuser.com/questions/1126990/how-to-view-time-machine-log-in-macos-sierra

doing that, on one of my sierra machines I see this:

Code:
2017-03-05 17:53:28.088874+1100  localhost UserEventAgent[48]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogError] Failed to send message because the port couldn't be created.


Firstly, the above error seems to happen on all sierra installs (according to a search I did), and this is why I think you're not seeing something in the console.app.

Code:
2017-03-05 17:53:28.110774+1100  localhost backupd[44584]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Quota in effect for '/Volumes/Titan Time Machine': 4 TB (4,000,000,000,000 bytes)


and there it is, my 4TB quota.

Code:
2017-03-05 17:53:30.072202+1100  localhost backupd[44584]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Renaming /Volumes/Titan Time Machine/Reception 1.sparsebundle to /Volumes/Titan Time Machine/Reception.sparsebundle
2017-03-05 17:53:30.077540+1100  localhost backupd[44584]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogError] Failed to move /Volumes/Titan Time Machine/Reception 1.sparsebundle to file:///Volumes/Titan%20Time%20Machine/Reception.sparsebundle/ error Error Domain=NSCocoaErrorDomain Code=516 "“Reception 1” couldn’t be moved to “Titan Time Machine” because an item with the same name already exists." UserInfo={NSSourceFilePathErrorKey=/Volumes/Titan Time Machine/Reception 1.sparsebundle, NSUserStringVariant=(

	Move

), NSDestinationFilePath=/Volumes/Titan Time Machine/Reception.sparsebundle, NSFilePath=/Volumes/Titan Time Machine/Reception 1.sparsebundle, NSUnderlyingError=0x7f91f6c44850 {Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=17 "File exists"}}
2017-03-05 17:53:31.663023+1100  localhost backupd[44584]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Checking for runtime corruption on /dev/disk2s2
2017-03-05 17:53:35.284078+1100  localhost backupd[44584]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Disk image /Volumes/Titan Time Machine/Reception 1.sparsebundle mounted at: /Volumes/Time Machine Backups
2017-03-05 17:53:36.538721+1100  localhost backupd[44584]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Backing up to /dev/disk2s2: /Volumes/Time Machine Backups/Backups.backupdb
2017-03-05 17:53:39.374343+1100  localhost backupd[44584]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Will copy (62.8 MB) from Macintosh HD
2017-03-05 17:53:39.374732+1100  localhost backupd[44584]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Found 727 files (62.8 MB) needing backup
2017-03-05 17:53:39.378156+1100  localhost backupd[44584]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] 158.9 MB required (including padding), 1.95 TB available


Note: the disk image is limited to 2TB or so here, so if I wanted to actually use the 4TB, then I'd need to grow the disk using disk util. I don't really want to do that for this 'little' machine.

Code:
2017-03-05 17:54:02.854794+1100  localhost backupd[44584]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Copied 776 items (53.9 MB) from volume Macintosh HD. Linked 5927.
2017-03-05 17:54:03.994351+1100  localhost backupd[44584]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Created new backup: 2017-03-05-175402
2017-03-05 17:54:03.988343+1100  localhost UserEventAgent[48]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogError] Failed to send message because the port couldn't be created.


failed to log a message again...

Code:
2017-03-05 17:54:05.649092+1100  localhost backupd[44584]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Starting post-backup thinning
2017-03-05 17:54:05.649106+1100  localhost backupd[44584]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] No post-backup thinning needed: no expired backups exist
2017-03-05 17:54:05.716154+1100  localhost backupd[44584]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Backup completed successfully.
2017-03-05 17:54:04.566199+1100  localhost backupd-helper[179]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Not starting scheduled Time Machine backup: Less than 10 minutes since last backup
2017-03-05 17:54:06.968335+1100  localhost backupd[44584]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Ejected Time Machine disk image: /Volumes/Titan Time Machine/Reception 1.sparsebundle
2017-03-05 17:54:07.328826+1100  localhost backupd[44584]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Ejected Time Machine network volume.
 

Scharbag

Guru
Joined
Feb 1, 2012
Messages
620
Yeah, I have a bunch of failed port BS in my logs but I cannot find the quota listed in there. Here is my output:

Code:
log stream --style syslog  --predicate 'senderImagePath contains[cd] "TimeMachine"' --info
Filtering the log data using "senderImagePath CONTAINS[cd] "TimeMachine""
Timestamp					   (process)[PID]	
2017-03-07 20:11:38.358602-0600  localhost backupd[1691]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Deleted /Volumes/Time Machine Backups/Backups.backupdb/Floppy/2017-03-04-213648 (27.3 MB)
2017-03-07 20:11:48.845706-0600  localhost backupd[1691]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Deleted /Volumes/Time Machine Backups/Backups.backupdb/Floppy/2017-03-05-193344 (28.1 MB)
2017-03-07 20:12:03.839395-0600  localhost backupd[1691]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Deleted /Volumes/Time Machine Backups/Backups.backupdb/Floppy/2017-03-05-183330 (97.1 MB)
2017-03-07 20:12:10.990087-0600  localhost backupd[1691]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Deleted /Volumes/Time Machine Backups/Backups.backupdb/Floppy/2017-03-05-181109 (24.9 MB)
2017-03-07 20:12:10.990214-0600  localhost backupd[1691]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Post-backup thinning complete: 5 expired backups removed
2017-03-07 20:12:11.016846-0600  localhost UserEventAgent[53]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogError] Failed to send message because the port couldn't be created.
2017-03-07 20:12:12.543461-0600  localhost backupd[1691]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Backup completed successfully.
2017-03-07 20:12:22.298108-0600  localhost backupd[1691]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Ejected Time Machine disk image: /Volumes/Time Machine 250GB/Floppy.sparsebundle
2017-03-07 20:12:22.846283-0600  localhost backupd[1691]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Ejected Time Machine network volume.
2017-03-07 20:13:17.278254-0600  localhost backupd[1691]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Starting manual backup
2017-03-07 20:13:17.346775-0600  localhost backupd[1691]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Attempting to mount network destination URL: afp://timemachine@Zhang._afpovertcp._tcp.local./Time%20Machine%20250GB
2017-03-07 20:13:19.211433-0600  localhost backupd[1691]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Mounted network destination at mount point: /Volumes/Time Machine 250GB using URL: afp://timemachine@Zhang._afpovertcp._tcp.local./Time%20Machine%20250GB
2017-03-07 20:13:45.931695-0600  localhost UserEventAgent[53]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogError] Failed to send message because the port couldn't be created.
2017-03-07 20:14:12.447476-0600  localhost backupd[1691]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Checking for runtime corruption on /dev/disk2s2
2017-03-07 20:14:25.362946-0600  localhost backupd[1691]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Disk image /Volumes/Time Machine 250GB/Floppy.sparsebundle mounted at: /Volumes/Time Machine Backups
2017-03-07 20:14:26.530281-0600  localhost backupd[1691]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Backing up to /dev/disk2s2: /Volumes/Time Machine Backups/Backups.backupdb
2017-03-07 20:14:45.973398-0600  localhost backupd[1691]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Will copy (251.7 MB) from Small Funk
2017-03-07 20:14:46.030414-0600  localhost backupd[1691]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Found 4687 files (251.7 MB) needing backup
2017-03-07 20:14:46.058458-0600  localhost backupd[1691]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] 2.32 GB required (including padding), 11.18 TB available


This is what is in the directory:

Code:
/TM_Dataset/TM_250GB# ls -l
total 76
drwxrwx---  4 timemachine  wheel	7 Mar  7 20:16 ./
drwxrwx---  6 timemachine  wheel	8 Mar  4 15:30 ../
drwxr-xr-x  2 root		 wheel	9 Mar  7 19:52 .AppleDB/
-rw-r--r--  1 root		 wheel	0 Mar  4 15:11 .apple
-rw-r--r--  1 root		 wheel  243 Mar  4 15:13 .com.apple.timemachine.supported
-rw-r--r--  1 root		 wheel	0 Mar  4 15:12 .mac
drwxr-xr-x  3 timemachine  wheel   10 Mar  7 20:16 Floppy.sparsebundle/


And here is what is in the file:

Code:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>GlobalQuota</key>
<integer>250000000000</integer>
</dict>
</plist>


Not sure what I am doing wrong. It seems to work and I will keep my eye on the size of the backups. Any ideas?

Cheers,
 

Stux

MVP
Joined
Jun 2, 2016
Messages
4,419
I don't see a quota file there.

The quota file should be called ".com.apple.TimeMachine.quota.plist"

Assuming you have a quota file, but its called
`.com.apple.timemachine.supported`

Then you should

mv .com.apple.timemachine.supported .com.apple.TimeMachine.quota.plist
touch .com.apple.timemachine.supported

the touch command will make an empty file if the file name doesn't exist.
 

Scharbag

Guru
Joined
Feb 1, 2012
Messages
620
DOH!! So there is a blank file and a quota file in there... Thanks for the help!!

Code:
2017-03-07 21:47:04.303667-0600  localhost backupd[3543]: (TimeMachine) [com.apple.TimeMachine.TMLogInfo] Quota in effect for '/Volumes/TimeMachine_250GB-2': 250 GB (250,000,000,000 bytes)
 
Last edited:

Stux

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Messages
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Yes
 

Hassan Aftab

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Apr 4, 2017
Messages
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Hi Stux

Thanks for this guide. It really helped me in nicely setting up the TimeMachine.

I have followed the whole process; Created the quota file (.com.apple.TimeMachine.quota.plist) and an empty file (.com.apple.timemachine.supported). Although, when I connect to the TimeMachine through my Mac Sierra client, I can see the full volume instead of just the quota.
 

Stux

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How are you connecting to the time machine? Via the Finder? Or letting timemachine connect?
 

Hassan Aftab

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Messages
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Not via the finder. I am trying to connect via Time Machine (and that is the only option I wanna use, considering there are a lot of users)
 

Stux

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Not via the finder. I am trying to connect via Time Machine (and that is the only option I wanna use, considering there are a lot of users)

Look at the logs to verify that the quota is correct.

#9
 

JB007

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Joined
May 29, 2017
Messages
3
Tried everything mentioned here, but could not get it setup correctly. I've resorted to just limiting the quota for my Time Machine share, which I guess will be sufficient for my purpose where I only have a single MacBook Pro backing up to the location.
 
Last edited:

Stux

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Messages
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Tried everything mentioned here, but could not get it setup correctly. I've resorted to just limiting the quote for my Time Machine share, which I guess will be sufficient for my purpose where I only have a single MacBook Pro backing up to the location.

Maybe this will make it into the GUI for 11.1...

https://bugs.freenas.org/issues/17875
 
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